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Key Terms
APA dictionary provides a comprehensive set of psychology definitions.
Behavior: Any observable and measurable action or response of a living organism.
Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus elicits a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits that response.
Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on assessing, diagnosing, and treating mental illness and behavioral disorders.
Cognitive psychology: The study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.
Coping: Managing stress and adapting to difficult situations.
Counseling psychology: The branch of psychology that focuses on helping people cope with personal and interpersonal problems.
Developmental psychology: The study of changes in behavior and mental processes that occur over a lifetime.
Discrimination: The unfair treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group.
Emotion: A complex psychological state that involves a subjective experience, physiological arousal, and behavioral expression.
Learning: Acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, or skills through experience, study, or instruction.
Mental processes: Internal, subjective experiences we have, such as thoughts, emotions, and perceptions.
Motivation: The driving force or reason behind behavior.
Neurotransmitter: Chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons in the brain.
Neuroscience: The study of the brain and nervous system.
Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior is increased or decreased by the consequences that follow it.
Perception: The process of interpreting and organizing sensory information from the environment.
Perceptional constancy: The ability to perceive objects as stable and unchanging despite changes in sensory information.
Personality: The unique characteristics, traits, and behaviors that define an individual.
Positive psychology is the study of positive emotions, character strengths, and the factors that contribute to human flourishing.
Prejudice: A negative attitude or belief about a particular group of people.
Psychiatrist: A medical doctor specializing in diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness.
Psychologist: A professional who studies behavior and mental processes and provides assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illness and behavioral disorders.
Psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Self-efficacy: The belief in one’s ability to successfully perform a task or achieve a goal.
Self-esteem: The subjective evaluation of one’s worth or value.
Social psychology: The study of how people interact with and influence one another.
Stereotype: A generalized belief about a particular group of people.
Stress: The physiological and psychological response to a perceived threat or challenge.
Synapse: The microscopic gap between two neurons.
Therapy: Treating mental or emotional disorders through talk therapy, medication, or other interventions.